Introduction to scripting languages
If you need an intro/introduction to any of the following scripting languages JavaScript, Python, Bash, PHP, PowerShell, Ruby, R, Perl, VBA, Groovy, please watch my videos on my YouTube playlist “Introduction to scripting languages”.
Introduction to JavaScript
JavaScript often abbreviated JS, is a programming language that is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS.
Over 97% of websites use JavaScript on the client side for web page behavior, often incorporating third-party libraries.
All major web browsers have a dedicated JavaScript engine to execute the code on users’ devices.
JavaScript is a high-level, often just-in-time compiled language that conforms to the ECMAScript standard.
It has dynamic typing, prototype-based object-orientation, and first-class functions.
It is multi-paradigm, supporting event-driven, functional, and imperative programming styles.
It has application programming interfaces (APIs) for working with text, dates, regular expressions, standard data structures, and the Document Object Model (DOM).
Content source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript
Introduction to Python
Python is a high-level, interpreted, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation.
Its language constructs and object-oriented approach aim to help programmers write clear, logical code for small- and large-scale projects.
Python is dynamically-typed and garbage-collected.
It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured (particularly procedural), object-oriented and functional programming.
It is often described as a “batteries included” language due to its comprehensive standard library.
Guido van Rossum began working on Python in the late 1980s as a successor to the ABC programming language and first released it in 1991 as Python 0.9.0.
Python 2.0 was released in 2000 and introduced new features such as list comprehensions, cycle-detecting garbage collection, reference counting, and Unicode support.
Python 3.0, released in 2008, was a major revision that is not completely backward-compatible with earlier versions. Python 2 was discontinued with version 2.7.18 in 2020.
Content source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_programming_language
Introduction to Bash
Bash is a Unix shell and command language written by Brian Fox for the GNU Project as a free software replacement for the Bourne shell.
First released in 1989, it has been used as the default login shell for most Linux distributions.
Bash was one of the first programs Linus Torvalds ported to Linux, alongside GCC.
A version is also available for Windows 10 via the Windows Subsystem for Linux.
It is also the default user shell in Solaris 11.
Bash was also the default shell in all versions of Apple macOS prior to the 2019 release of macOS Catalina, which changed the default shell to zsh, although Bash remains available as an alternative shell.
Bash is a command processor that typically runs in a text window where the user types commands that cause actions.
Bash can also read and execute commands from a file, called a shell script.
Like most Unix shells, it supports filename globbing (wildcard matching), piping, here documents, command substitution, variables, and control structures for condition-testing and iteration.
Content source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash_(Unix_shell)
Introduction to PHP
PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared toward web development.
It was originally created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994.
The PHP reference implementation is now produced by The PHP Group.
PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page, but it now stands for the recursive initialism PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor.
PHP code is usually processed on a web server by a PHP interpreter implemented as a module, a daemon or as a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) executable.
On a web server, the result of the interpreted and executed PHP code - which may be any type of data, such as generated HTML or binary image data - would form the whole or part of an HTTP response.
Various web template systems, web content management systems, and web frameworks exist which can be employed to orchestrate or facilitate the generation of that response.
Additionally, PHP can be used for many programming tasks outside the web context, such as standalone graphical applications and robotic drone control.
Content source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP
Introduction to PowerShell
PowerShell is a task automation and configuration management program from Microsoft, consisting of a command-line shell and the associated scripting language.
Initially a Windows component only, known as Windows PowerShell, it was made open-source and cross-platform on 18 August 2016 with the introduction of PowerShell Core.
The former is built on the .NET Framework, the latter on .NET Core.
In PowerShell, administrative tasks are generally performed via cmdlets (pronounced command-lets), which are specialized .NET classes implementing a particular operation.
These work by accessing data in different data stores, like the file system or Windows Registry, which are made available to PowerShell via providers.
Third-party developers can add cmdlets and providers to PowerShell.
Cmdlets may be used by scripts, which may in turn be packaged into modules.
Cmdlets work in tandem with the .NET API.
PowerShell’s support for .NET Remoting, WS-Management, CIM, and SSH enables administrators to perform administrative tasks on both local and remote Windows systems.
Content source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerShell
Introduction to Ruby
Ruby is an interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language which supports multiple programming paradigms.
It was designed with an emphasis on programming productivity and simplicity.
In Ruby, everything is an object, including primitive data types.
It was developed in the mid-1990s by Yukihiro “Matz” Matsumoto in Japan.
Ruby is dynamically typed and uses garbage collection and just-in-time compilation.
It supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming.
According to the creator, Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, BASIC, and Lisp.
Content source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)
Introduction to R
R is a programming language for statistical computing and graphics supported by the R Core Team and the R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
Created by statisticians Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman, R is used among data miners, bioinformaticians and statisticians for data analysis and developing statistical software.
Users have created packages to augment the functions of the R language.
According to user surveys and studies of scholarly literature databases, R is one of the most commonly used programming languages used in data mining.
As of March 2022, R ranks 11th in the TIOBE index, a measure of programming language popularity.
The official R software environment is an open-source free software environment within the GNU package, available under the GNU General Public License.
It is written primarily in C, Fortran, and R itself (partially self-hosting).
Precompiled executables are provided for various operating systems.
R has a command line interface.
Content source: